iv. WAS THERE INTENTION? Intention is relevant to offences with subjective mens rea only. The question to be asked is whether the accused intended to commit the offending act. DPP v Morgan (1976) There is a difference for offences where mens rea ‘goes beyond’ the actus reus (ulterior intent) and those that do not (basic intent). When it comes to proving any ulterior intent which must be proved, we cannot rely on any evidentiary inferences arising from the fact that the actus has been committed, as we can with basic intent offences. v. WAS THERE RECKLESSNESS OR MALICE? This is a concept that is applicable to specific offences, such as reckless indifference to human life. Recklessness exists where the accused perceives a risk that the act might cause certain consequences, but does it anyway.

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Approximately 24395 words over 55 pages. Prepared in 2022.